Veronica Guerin-the One Who Stood Up Free Essays

string(214) when she halted at the traffic lights and made a call to companion and school, Chris Mulligan, on her telephone having recently rung her mom to tell her she had been let off with the traffic offense in court. Veronica Guerin-The person who stood up Veronica Guerin (5 July 1958 †26 June 1996) was an Irish columnist who was killed on the 26th June 1996, on the Naas Road, Dublin, because of her work as a wrongdoing writer spend significant time in the medication universe of Dublin. Guerin was conceived and raised in Artane where she lived with her four kin and her folks, Christopher and Bernadette. She procured the epithet â€Å"Ronnie† during her adolescence and she got her training in the Catholic schools of Dublin’s north side. We will compose a custom article test on Veronica Guerin-the One Who Stood Up or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now She turned into a practiced competitor in camogie, soccer and b-ball. Soccer, truth be told, stayed a long lasting enthusiasm of Guerin’s; she was an aficionado supporter of England’s Manchester United proficient soccer group. One of her most prised assets was an image of her and the popular United player Eric Cantona, which was taken out traveling to Old Trafford. Guerin wedded Graham Turley who she had a child Cathal with. She considered bookkeeping at Trinity College Dublin and on her graduation she was employed by her dad at his organization. After her dad spent away three years after her arrangement at the organization she left and began another profession in advertising. She began another firm in 1983 which was controlled by her for a long time. Subsequent to leaving the firm she took up news-casting, first as a business author for Dublin’s Sunday Business Post and afterward as a correspondent for the city’s Sunday Tribune. At that point in 1994, Guerin turned into an analytical columnist for the Sunday Independent, the biggest course end of the week paper in Ireland. This move flagged not just Guerin’s resulting ascend to some degree notoriety in Ireland yet additionally prompted the grouping of occasions that finished in her in the end been killed. Her homicide alongside investigator Jerry Mc Cabe’s murder three weeks sooner started the Irish government and the Irish individuals into life on handling the war on drugs head on and unafraid. For quite a long time she had mounted a prominent war against Ireland’s sedate nobles on the pages of the Sunday Independent. Guerin handled, without dread and without respect for her own wellbeing, the medication lords of Dublin. The work she was associated with was clearly incredibly risky and her life was placed in peril on various events In October 1994, Guerin was exposed to her first occurrence of savagery to come from one of her accounts. Two projectiles where shot through her home window as she was playing with her child at home. This occurrence came a month after she had composed a paper article on the medication noble â€Å"the general† after he was shot dead in his vehicle. The second significant occurrence to emerge out of her news detailing was an intense and life rewarding one, in January 1995, a conceal shooter burst into her home when she addressed the entryway and pointed a handgun at her head yet brought down it and shot her in the thigh. Guerin suspected that the shooter was employed to â€Å"hit† her as a result of an article that she had expounded on the robbery of ? . 4 million from an as far as anyone knows secure warehouse close to Dublin air terminal. This was the biggest money burglary in Irish history. (Reference book. com) When Guerin was discharged from emergency clinic after been shot she obliged her significant other to each wrongdoing manager in Dublin she knew and gave them a le tter telling them that she was unafraid and reluctant to surrender the battle on drugs. It was an announcement of aim. A security framework was introduced at her home after the assault and the gatekeepers allowed her 24 hour escort. They went with her any place she went yet Guerin, following a couple of days, halted the watchmen going with her, as she felt it obstructed her work as she couldn't converse with individuals and get the data she required for her articles. (Film: Veronica Guerin) Then in September 1995, Guerin visited a pony ranch claimed by the famous John Gilligan, a known driving player in Dublin’s black market. She went up against him about how he had amassed such a fortune and great way of life without had the option to show where he had acquired all the cash from. He responded in a fierce, fainthearted and savage route to these claims by tearing open her shirt while searching for a wire and thumping her silly. At some point after Gilligan called her and compromised her and her child Cathal. He revealed to her he would slaughter her and damage Cathal if his name was ever referenced in any news story that she composed. (Freemedia. com) Guerin was rarely frightened or could never let the medication baron’s sees that she was terrified. She demanded that she would not be scared by any of them yet companions of Guerin did concede after her passing that she was frightful of Gilligan for the way that he had taken steps to hurt her child. She didn’t let this stage her and she proceeded with her resolute and frightful work and she kept on attempting and draw nearer to these medication bosses. As she once said â€Å"they would think that its harder to slaughter somebody they knew†. That announcement I feel summed up how she fundamentally felt about giving an account of such a perilous subject she knew the threat not exclusively to her life yet in addition to her families lives however she realized she had a type of assurance in the way that she knew the individuals she was for the most part giving an account of and her announcement is totally evident they would think that its harder to murder somebody they knew. In December 1995, Guerin got the International Press Freedom Award from the Committee to Protect Journalists. On June 26, 1996, Guerin was in court in Dublin on a street traffic offense she voyaged onto the Naas street and halted at a lot of traffic lights when the court was done. She was distant from everyone else in her vehicle when she halted at the traffic lights and made a call to companion and school, Chris Mulligan, on her telephone having recently rung her mom to tell her she had been let off with the traffic offense in court. You read Veronica Guerin-the One Who Stood Up in classification Paper models Then two men pulled up along the correct hand side of the vehicle and one of them started shooting. Guerin was shot multiple times in the neck and chest, killing her in a flash. The men at that point took off at speed before anybody could respond. Her burial service, close to Dublin air terminal was full with grievers, that included Ireland’s president, and leader of the military; while a huge number of others watched the administration on TV. On July 4, there was a snapshot of quietness in her memory, individuals wherever the nation over stood discreetly and bowed their heads in tribute. Individuals simply needing to offer their appreciation accumulated before the workplaces of the Sunday Independent to leave blossoms and sign a sympathy book. Reference book. com) As soon as Guerin had been shot dead the watchmen propelled an examination concerning her homicide. There was no uncertainty in anyone’s mind that she had been the survivor of a â€Å"hit† requested either by somebody she had just expounded on in her articles or somebody she had wanted to provide det ails regarding sooner rather than later. It was uncertain at the time climate her offenders would be brought to equity as the gatekeepers realized it would be a long and torment marking examination. Anyway in October 1996, a man by the name of Paul Ward was accused of the trick to kill Veronica Guerin. He was the main individual captured and charged over the homicide yet the watchmen were cheerful he wouldn’t be the last. A great many people including the watchmen accepted that Gilligan was behind the â€Å"hit† in spite of the fact that this demonstrated exceptionally difficult to demonstrate. Gilligan left Ireland for Amsterdam the day preceding Guerin was killed. At some point after, Gilligan was gotten with a large portion of a million in real money attempting to load onto a flight he couldn't clarify where the money had authentically originated from. He guaranteed he won the huge measure of cash betting however was captured on charges of attempting to wash benefits from selling unlawful medications. Reference book. com) Since she was killed, various things have happened that demonstrated she didn't kick the bucket futile and bite the dust for reasons unknown. Since her passing writers who report on perilous points have been given better assurance. Likewise after she was killed the Irish government held an extraordinary gathering to think of and talk about a way which they would have the option to make hostile to wrongdoing enactment so as to put a tremendous take action against sedate wrongdoing and furthermore to make it simpler for the watchmen to make and actualize bodies of evidence against wrongdoing supervisors. These new estimates constrained a significant number of Dublin’s wrongdoing managers to escape the nation before the gatekeepers got the opportunity or chance to capture them. Veronica Guerin not just changed the degree of medications on Dublin’s roads, she changed how individuals responded to drugs on their lanes inhabitants in some of Dublin’s most unfortunate zones requested switch and set up bunches that walked the avenues and kicked the street pharmacists out. After her demise the medication crime percentage in Ireland fell by half the next year. (Freemedia. om) because of her homicide the legislature set up the Proceeds of Crime Act 1996 and the Criminal Assets Bureau Act 1996, so resources bought with cash acquired through wrongdoing could be seized by them. This prompted the arrangement of the Criminal Assets Bureau (CAB). Veronica’s murder was viewed as a shock and as then Taoiseach, John Bruton, portrayed it, â€Å"it was an assault on democracy †. (Reference book. com) Charles Bowden, an individual from Gilligan’s pack, was captured alongside different individuals from the posse that where still in the nation following the homicide. In a concurrence with the Attorney General of Ireland, he consented to turn state’s witness. In doing this he

PsyInfo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PsyInfo - Essay Example This involves applying social work moral standards, applying basic reasoning, tolerating assorted variety and contrast, propelling human rights and social and financial equity, and participating practically speaking that is look into educated in addition to other things. 3. The essential elements of the National Association of social Works incorporate, propelling sound social strategies, keeping up proficient norms of training and offering types of assistance that secure the individuals and their status as expert social laborers. 4. Clinical social works have ace's or doctorate degrees in social work with an accentuation on emotional wellness administrations and clinical encounters. 5. The historical backdrop of social work is personally connected to helping destitute individuals. It is conceivable to state it a few its conventional roots as urban missions met up to help individuals during the early long periods of the Industrial Revolution and mass movement during the nineteenth cen tury. In the long run experts met up in New York City and in 1889 with Jane Addams and the Hull House in Chicago. Adams additionally made the settlement house development that included giving help to poor people. Ida M. Gun created and head a multi-disciplinary social work division at a Boston emergency clinic that become compelling.

Understanding the Feelings of a Cocaine High

Understanding the Feelings of a Cocaine High Addiction Drug Use Cocaine Print Understanding the Feelings of a Cocaine High By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 13, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 13, 2019 More in Addiction Drug Use Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery The cocaine high, also known as cocaine intoxication, is one of the most widely recognized cocaine effects among cocaine users. The high is often the main reason for taking cocaine. This is true for people who are experimenting with cocaine use, are occasional cocaine users, binge cocaine users, and people in the early stages of cocaine addiction. But social cocaine use is also quite common. The cocaine high involves psychological changes, which are changes to how the person thinks and feels emotionally, as well as physical changes. Some of these changes are caused by the effects of cocaine on the brain and nervous system,?? and some are due to personal feelings that the cocaine user brings to the experience. This is why, although there are similarities among cocaine users experiences of the cocaine high, the effect cocaine has on each person is different. So although aspects of cocaine intoxication are common among cocaine users, they may experience some, but not all, of these cocaine effects. Illustration by Joshua Seong. © Verywell, 2018. Euphoria The main cocaine high effect that cocaine users want to experience is a special kind of intense pleasure called euphoria.?? Cocaine stimulates the brain in the same way that a real accomplishment does, creating a rewarding feeling that is the main reason people who get addicted want to get high on cocaine again and again. Self Confidence While high on cocaine, users can have the illusion of feeling better  than they usually do about themselves,?? to the point of feeling superior to other people. This is sometimes called grandiosity. This effect of the cocaine high can have a particular appeal to people with low self-esteem, or people who are in situations where a greater level of confidence is desirable, such as performers. Unfortunately, this false confidence is an effect of the drug, and not based on any real accomplishment, and grandiosity can be annoying to other people, leading to social problems. Once cocaine users come down from the cocaine high, they may feel even worse about themselves than they did before, setting themselves up for a cycle of using to try to feel better, with each time the effect being increasingly short-lived. Sociability Another tempting cocaine effect is that during cocaine high, users may feel more energetic and sociable, which can make it attractive to people who have social anxieties, shyness, or who lack the energy to go out and do things, particularly if their lethargy stems from depression. When high on cocaine, they may become talkative and gregarious. But on the other hand, getting high on cocaine can sometimes lead to angry outbursts, restlessness, hyperactivity, and anxiety to the point of paranoia.?? It can even result in seeing, hearing or feeling things that arent really there, which is known as perceptual disturbances or hallucinations. When Good Turns to Bad When people take cocaine over a longer period, they can experience the opposite effects during the cocaine high. They can experience a blunting of the emotions, sadness, and withdrawal from other people. This can be particularly frustrating for cocaine users who take cocaine to self-medicate to give themselves more confidence, to socialize, and to feel happier. Self Medication and Addictive Behavior Physical Effects   Being high on cocaine also makes people feel different physically. Physical cocaine effects include a general feeling of stimulation. Cocaine can cause changes to heart rhythm or breathing, sweating, feelings of being very hot or cold, muscle weakness, or nausea. Although some of these physical symptoms of cocaine intoxication can be quite unpleasant, with repeated cocaine use, the brain can start to associate these physical symptoms with the pleasurable feelings of the cocaine high, so as people become addicted to cocaine, they may be surprisingly tolerant of these unpleasant cocaine effects. If cocaine intoxication is taken to the extreme, the experience can be dangerous as well as unpleasant. In particular, there is a risk of heart problems, seizures, and even death. Because cocaine is illegal, there is no way to predict how strong it is going to be, which can lead to cocaine users sometimes taking more than they intended, and the cocaine high taking a turn for the worst. A stronger dose can also increase tolerance, so that next time more of the drug is needed, which is the physical side of the addiction. Alcohol use can exacerbate the effects of the cocaine high, and increased alcohol use is associated with increased cocaine use and cocaine intoxication in users. A Word From Verywell If youre aware of the risks of cocaine use, you may be wondering why anyone would use such a dangerous drug. If you feel peer pressure to try cocaine, you may want to know what your friends arent telling you about cocaine effects. If you know someone who uses cocaine, understanding how the cocaine high feels may help you to approach and communicate effectively with that person. Like any addictive substance, the cocaine high can make someone feel really good, giving them feelings of pleasure, confidence, and energy beyond what they normally experience. But like any addictive substance, it can also have very unpleasant and even harmful short-term and long-term effects. Many cocaine users are reluctant to stop doing something that feels good, even when they know its bad for them. The best way to stay out of that trap of addiction is to avoid drug use altogether. If someone you know has become addicted to cocaine,  investigate  ways to help them. What Does Cocaine Do to the Heart?

Discrimination Against Gays and Lesbians in the Workplace

The topic I have chosen for my research paper comes under the general heading of culture. Culture may be defined as the language, beliefs, values, norms, and material objects passed from one generation to the next. The specific topic I proposed to investigate is discrimination of homosexuals in the workplace. This topic is particularly interesting to me because I am an advocate of equality for all. I believe that no matter your race, age, sex, or sexual orientation you should be treated fairly. My paper will provide an in depth look at this type of discrimination, the laws that protect the victims, and explain how this affects our society. Finally, I will describe the insights I have gained in researching this topic as well as pose some†¦show more content†¦Some feel that same sex relationships are completely wrong and that they shouldnt be allowed anywhere, especially in the workplace. But, there are others who are fighting for homosexual equality. Another opinion is Dont A sk Dont Tell. Some employers feel that, if an employers personal life is not evident at work, he/she shouldnt make it known. They feel that what an employee does in his/her personal life; is personal and they want to have an unbiased opinion. From researching this topic I have gained a newfound insight about myself and the world around me. Not only does prejudice affect your race, it also affects how you live your life, a job, and has the basic needs in life. Homosexuals choose a life different from the norm of society and they have to deal with the pressures of fitting in where they are told that they do not belong. It is put upon them to conform to what society wants and not to be different. Researching discrimination against gays and lesbians in the workplace helped me understand more about the struggles that they face. Having seen the similarities that racism and sexual orientation have in common has made me want to research further into the lives of homosexual persons. References Carroll, R. (2003). Gays, lesbians making gains in workplace, study shows. The Detroit News, . Retrieved Oct 02, 2005, from www. detnews.com (Carroll, 2003) Human Rights Campaign, (2002). Gays getting fair treatment at work. Retrieved Oct. 11,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Homosexual Rights and Equality1242 Words   |  5 Pagesfaithful citizens. Gay and lesbian couples are discriminated against and unfairly treated because of their sexual orientation. This discrimination against gay and lesbian couples must be confronted so that those who are trustworthy citizens have the same rights as heterosexual citizens. In this paper, I will argue that homosexual individuals should have equal rights as heterosexuals because (1) hate crimes against homosexuals continues to occur, (2) the discrimination in the workplace is on the riseRead MoreHardships Faced By The Lgbt Community1496 Words   |  6 PagesHardships Faced by the LGBT Community in the Workplace Taelor Faulkner, Brianne Hamilton, Brianna Johnson, and Laci Jones Who decides what is normal in this world? What gives us the right to discriminate against an individual, specifically individuals of the LGBT community? Can a lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender person have a normal career? If they do have a career, will they be able to advance? Relationships can be tested in the workplace, which can hinder one s career. Both bosses andRead MoreIs It A Victim Of Persecution?1554 Words   |  7 Pagesthem to find out that Nassr was gay. Nassr had two children whom the militia captured. The Mahdi militia tortured them in order to get information on Nassr. Finally they killed Nassr children. Now Nassr is living in Siria by himself and alone because of the intolerance his country had for gay people. Intolerance impacts multiple sectors of society with far-reaching effects on the gay community. Due to the amount of intolerance in society these days, the gay community is facing persecutionRead MoreWorkplace Discrimination Against Lgbt Essay1601 Words   |  7 PagesTopic: Workplace Discrimination against LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender) General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: Discrimination occurs against LGBT who are in different industries. Thesis: In each state people are afraid of coming out in the workplace of different industrials because the chance of get fired or harassed (Throughout the US, those who are LGBT do not come out in their industries due to fear of harassment or getting fired). 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Now Nassr is living in Siria by himself and alone because of the intolerance his country had for gay people. Intolerance impacts multiple sectors of society with far-reaching effects on the gay community. Due to the amount of intolerance in society these days, the gay community is facing persecutionRead MoreDiscrimination Based On Sexual Orientation Essay1492 Words   |  6 Pagesall people no matter what their race, gender, or social class is. In a world where Lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgender people are being slandered, it is hard for them to get jobs because of their sexual preferences or how they identify. Gays and lesbians who choose to come out around â€Å"straight† people they work with will probably face at least some (if not much) discrimination. During work, â€Å"discrimination based on sexual orientation must not be tolerated in any form in modern law enforcementRead MoreGay Rights1676 Words   |  7 PagesGay Rights The movement of the gay and lesbian population in the United States is one that has been in progress since the early 1900s, and is still facing overwhelming controversy and backlash today. The push for gay liberation in a country founded on Christian morals and beliefs has subsequently led to struggles over equality of marriage, adoption, jobs, and healthcare. One side of the controversy argues that every individual deserves the same rights, while the opposing mindset argues that beingRead MoreSexual Identity Discrimination1297 Words   |  5 PagesSexual Identity Discrimination According to the American Psychological Association, sexual orientation is defined as an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions to men, women, or both sexes (APA, 2008). Moreover, the definition offered suggests that sexual orientation does not solely relate as a characteristic of an individual but is most reflective of a relationship with another individual (APA, 2008). In the United States, those with a sexual orientation describedRead MoreLgbt Discrimination In The Workplace. Introduction. People1350 Words   |  6 PagesLGBT Discrimination in the Workplace Introduction People of lesbian, gay, transgender, bisexual, or queer identification in the United States are not given equal employment opportunity and or treatment in the workplace compared to their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts. There is currently no federal legislation that prohibits a person with LGBT identification from being fired, or federal legislation that protects employees of varied sexual orientations and gender identity from discrimination

Critical Thinking And Case Studies - 1151 Words

Critical Thinking and Case Studies, Individual Assignment 3 In this assignment I am discussing some case study questions from chapter 7 and critical thinking discussion questions for chapters 8 and 9 of the Global Business Today text. These questions are for the individual week 3 assignment of our MBA 539 International Business class. These discussion questions are composed to increase the reader’s understanding of â€Å"the political economy of international trade†, â€Å"foreign direct investment† and â€Å"regional economic integration† as explained within Global Business Today (Hill, C., 2014). U.S. Tariffs on Tire Imports from China Which groups benefited from the imposition of U.S. tariffs on Chinese imports? Which groups suffered? What does this tell you about tariffs in general (Hill, C., 2014). When the United Steelworkers petitioned the International Trade Commission for protection against China’s low cost imported tires, all parties agreed and President Obama implemented a three year tariff hike. The tariff hike was meant to slow down low cost tires to stimulate domestic tire production. The tariff benefited the domestic producers for a short time by raising prices on China’s imported tires. The government also benefited with increased revenue from the tariff. Tire dealers did not benefit from the tariff. Dealerships that sold the inexpensive tires went out of business. Also, the consumers did not benefit from the tariff due to the increased costs of the tires.Show MoreRelatedCritical Thinking Case Study1781 Words   |  8 PagesCritical Thinking Case Study Chris had just been promoted as an Executive Assistant for Pat the CEO, Chief Executive Officer, of Faith Community Hospital. 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FIR Filter Design Free Essays

The objective of this project is to use three different design methods to design a low-pass filter that meets specifications given, and then compare these three different methods through different parameters. In this project, seven filters should be designed using Matlab. And we compare them on worst case gain, largest tap weight coefficient, maximal passband and stopband error, magnitude frequency response, impulse response, group delay and zeros/poles location. We will write a custom essay sample on FIR Filter Design or any similar topic only for you Order Now Finally, use these filters to do filtering, and then compare their responses to the predicted one. Discussion of Results: Part 1: Window Method (a) Use fir1 function to synthesize an FIR that meets specifications using a boxcar window. Worst gain = 1.8372 Largest tap weight coefficient = 0.3694 Maximal passband error = 0.1678 Maximal stopband error = 0.0795 (b) Use Hann window to synthesize an FIR that meets specifications. Worst gain = 1.4154 Largest tap weight coefficient = 0.3496 Maximal passband error = 0.0052 Maximal stopband error = 0.2385 **Filter #1 is the unwindowed design, and Filter #2 is the windowed design. From the comparison above, we can see that the unwindowed design has a more critical passband and stopband edge, but the windowed one has a smaller maximal passband error as we expected. Also, the windowed one has a larger attenuation on stopband than the unwindowed one. The group delay responses of two designs are the same. (c) Use Kaiser window to synthesize an FIR that meets specifications Worst gain = 1.6900 Largest tap weight coefficient = 0.3500 N = 21 (which is in 20 in matlab) Maximal passband error = 0.0706 Maximal stopband error = 0.0852 ** Filter #1 is the unwindowed design, and Filter #2 is the kaiser design. From the comparison above, we can see that both designs have critical passband and stopband edges, but the kaiser one has a smaller maximal passband error as we expected. Also, the kaiser one has a smaller attenuation on stopband compare with the unwindowed one. The group delay responses of two designs are different, the Kaiser one only has 20th order, so the group delay is 10, not 11 as the unwindowed one. (d)The zeros of the three windowed designs ** Filter #1 is the â€Å"boxcar† design, and Filter #2 is the Hann design, Filter #3 is the Kaiser design. From figure above, we can see that Hann design has a zero far from unit circle, which is corresponding to the slower attenuation compared to the other two designs. The zeros of â€Å"boxcar† design are similar to the Kaiser design. Part 2: LMS Method (a) Using Matlab’s firls function to meet the original design specification. Worst gain = 1.5990 Largest tap weight coefficient = 0.3477 Maximal passband error = 0.0403 Maximal stopband error = 0.1137 ** Filter #1 is the 2(a) design, and Filter #2 is the â€Å"boxcar† design. From the comparison above, we can see that the â€Å"boxcar† design has a more critical passband and stopband edge, but the LMS one has a smaller maximal passband error as we expected. Also, the LMS one has a larger attenuation on stopband than the â€Å"boxcar† one. The group delay responses of two designs are the same. (b) Using Matlab’s fircls1 function to meet the original design specification. Worst gain = 1.6771 Largest tap weight coefficient = 0.3464 Maximal passband error = 0.0516 Maximal stopband error = 0.0782 ** Filter #1 is the 2(a) design, and Filter #2 is the 2(b) design. From the comparison above, we can see that the 2(b) design has a more critical passband and stopband edge, but the 2(a) one has a smaller maximal passband error. Also, the 2(a) one has a larger attenuation on stopband than the 2(b) one. The group delay responses of two designs are the same. (c)The zeros of the two LMS designs ** Filter #1 is the 2(a) design, and Filter #2 is the 2(b) design. From figure above, we can see that 2(b) design has a zero far from unit circle, which is corresponding to the slower attenuation compared to the other design. The zeros around the unit circle are similar to each other. Part 3: Equiripple Method (a) Using Matlab’s firgr function to meet the original design specification (uniform error weight) Worst gain = 1.6646 Largest tap weight coefficient = 0.3500 Maximal passband error = 0.0538 Maximal stopband error = 0.0538 ** Filter #1 is the 3(a) design, and Filter #2 is the â€Å"boxcar† design. From the comparison above, we can see that the â€Å"boxcar† design has a more critical passband and stopband edge, but the 3(a) one has a smaller maximal passband error. Also, the â€Å"boxcar† one has a larger attenuation on stopband than the 3(a) one. The group delay responses of two designs are the same. (b) Using Matlab’s firpm function to meet the original design specification Worst gain = 1.6639 Largest tap weight coefficient = 0.3476 Maximal passband error = 0.0638 Maximal stopband error = 0.0594 ** Filter #1 is the 3(a) design, and Filter #2 is the 3(b) design. From the comparison above, we can see that the 3(b) design has a more critical passband and stopband edge. And the stopband error is 0.0488 (which is consistent with 0.0538*(1-20%)=0.04304), the passband error is 0.0639 (which is consistent with 0.0538/(1-20%)=0.06725). The group delay responses of two designs are the same. (c) The zeros of the two equiripple designs ** Filter #1 is the 3(a) design, and Filter #2 is the 3(b) design. From figure above, we can see that 3(a) design has a zero far from unit circle, which is corresponding to the slower attenuation compared to the other design (almost no attenuation on the figure shown ). There is only one zero stays outside the unit circle for 3(b) design, which is the minimum phase design. Part 4: Testing (a)Table the features for the 7 designed FIRs: Features Filter #1 Filter #2 Filter #3 Filter #4 Filter #5 Filter #6 Filter #7 Maximum gain 1.8372 1.4154 1.6900 1.5990 1.6771 1.6646 1.6639 Maximum passband linear 0.1678 0.0052 0.0706 0.0403 0.0516 0.0538 0.0638 Maximum passband error(dB) -15.5052 -45.7568 -23.0266 -27.8855 -25.7472 -25.3838 -23.9007 Maximum stopband linear 0.0795 0.2385 0.0852 0.1137 0.0782 0.0538 0.0594 Maximum stopband error(dB) -21.9886 -12.4495 -21.3913 -18.8858 -22.1339 -25.3838 -24.5274 Group delay 11 11 10 11 11 11 11 Largest tap weight coefficient 0.3694 0.3496 0.3500 0.3477 0.3464 0.3500 0.3476 (b) From the figure followed, we can figure out that the group delay is 22-11=11 samples regardless of the input frequency. (c) Compare the original, mirror, and complement FIR’s impulse, magnitude frequency, and group delay response **Filter #1 is the original filter, Filter #2 is the mirror filter, and Filter #3 is the complement filter. (d) Maximal output is 1.8372, which equals to the worst gain prediction of this filter. Part 5: Run-time Architecture (a) N = 8, M=1; N = 12, M=1; N = 16, M=1; Round off error N=8 N=12 N=16 From the comparison above, we can see clearly that as the value of N increases, the round-off error decreases. Bits of precision is N-1-1=N-2 (b) Choose two 12-bit address space which has memory cycle time of 12 ns, so the maximum run-time filter speed is 1/ (12ns/cycle*16 bits) =1/ (192 ns/filter cycle) =5.21*106 filter cycles/sec Part 6: Experimentation (a) The maximal of the output time-series is 1.1341. It is reasonable, because it is smaller than the worst case gain which is 1.8372. So this agrees with the predicted filter response. (b) The â€Å"chirp† function makes a short, high-pitched sound, and it sounds four times, which is corresponding to the 4*fs. When all the .wav files are played, we can hear obviously that the frequency of output sound is much lower than the frequency of input sound, which means that the filter did filter high-frequency components out. From the figure above, we can see the high-frequency components are gone, which agrees with the predicted filter response, a low-pass filter. Summary: Through this project, the detailed processes of designing a filter by three different methods have been understood. And we know more about all the parameters which would affect properties of the filters, and how to use different methods to design them and make best trade-off between each other. How to cite FIR Filter Design, Papers

Scottish Dance Essay Example

Scottish Dance Essay Scotland has a culture, and a deep-rooted tradition of music, song and dance. This can be asserted by discussing the Ceilidh, which is an evening full of dance, songs and no doubt drinking good whisky. In the Ceilidh, the Scottish country dance is performed, which can be enjoyed by people in any way what so ever, whether formal or informal. Country dances are extremely genial and enjoyable. Because of this very feature which makes them attractive to people belonging to all the parts of the world and perhaps the only reason why it is extremely easy for a person to find Scottish country dance groups in any part of the world. Scottish country dancing, which is also known as SCD and even called â€Å"reeling† is a kind of dance for social purposes. The dance is basically a modern form of the country dance that was previously very famous in the eighteenth century across England and Scotland. (Brinson 33) Scottish Country Dance is the customary communal dance of Scotland. The dances are poised of accurate footwork and arrangements that are set in a dissimilar series for each dance. The music varies from vigorous reels and jigs to the strathspey, which is a kind of music that is found nowhere in the world except Scotland. (Hood 94)All of the Scottish dances; the Scottish country dance in particular is done in well-organized formations that are generally known as â€Å"sets†.   These sets are usually made up of around three or four couples, even though certain dances require far more people which comes to around six or more couples. The couple formations are more often than usual mixed, even though men dance with men and women dance with women, though this depends on the gathering. The most common shape is the longwise shape, where the couples stand side by side in the formation of all the men on one side, facing all the women on the other side, with his man facing his partner. The man on the far left side and his partner are known as either the first o r the top couple and the formation is such that the first couple is nearest to the band or what ever source of music is being used. Longer lines are formed when the hall is big. (Flett and Flett 56) Other types of sets are also there, but those are very rare and include the triangular sets, square sets as well as the round-the-room dances.Scottish country dances are divided into various categorie such as reels, jigs, strathspeys and are categorised on the basis of the kind of music on which they are performed. The first two names of dances that are mentioned are generally called quick-time dances, because of the fact that they have tempos along with very fast movements and a very lively beat. The third dance that has been mentioned features a very slow tempo along with formal, stately feel. The   Scottish country dances, are pretty much unlike the usual English country dances which involve walking steps; Scottish country dances on the other hand include special attention to be pai d on the footwork which depends on the choreography of the dance.While performing a Scottish country dace, much attention as mentioned previously is paid to the foot work and the position of the feet while performing certain steps is taken into consideration. Steps that are performed extremely well at times impress everyone for their complexity, but in real it is the time, dedication and the fitness of the person that actually make it very easy to perform. As the country dance has become a kind of pastime for the Scottish people, the dance community and the people have stopped paying much attention to such matters and now anyone who can not perform well during the dance is not discriminated against as compared to those who have mastered the steps. It is such a pastime, that at times the soul purpose of dancing is to just have fun and only a minimum amount of people pay much attention to details and the perfection of the dance, while the others just wish to have fun.Another important factor which is considered after the footwork is the time and space location. This means that one has to ensure that he/she is standing at the right location at the right time. It is imperative to note that one should not be standing in the way of the other dancers and should be in place at the right time to perform steps that include other dancers as well. The term   phrasing, is used to define the performance of a figure which is perfectly timed with the music, where as the term â€Å"covering† refers to the movement of an umber of dancers in unison. It is said that, when country dancing was introduced in Scotland in the eighteenth century, it gained immense popularity in places such as Edinburgh, and then continued to move through various parts of Scotland even though other kinds of dances such as Waltz, One-step etc were gaining popularity in the nineteenth and twentieth century. The Scottish coutry dancing has been extremely influenced by other traditional Scottish da nces such as the Highland reels and because of this they still tend to have a very Scottish look to them.HistoryScottish country dancing gained immense popularity during the eighteenth century, when it was popular and performed mostly in the top-class areas of England, though back then it was not known as â€Å"Scottish† and was plain called â€Å"Country Dancing†. This form of dancing was introduced in Scotland by the most powerful members of the society along with the well-to-do people, who wished to keep on doing the things that they liked and the things that were introduced to them in well-to-do places. (McConachie, p. 24) This was the time when dance publishers, like PlayFord were in high demand and were publishing dance manuals which provided people with the information about the most popular dances as well as the introduction of new dances so as to put up with the ever increasing demand for country dancing. Back in those days, a number of publications were broug ht around, even if they were not original although most of them were famous for their own merits. By the nineteenth century, country dancing became extremely well-known and famous in Scotland and reached it though Lowlands, even though modern forms of dances were taking over as well such as the qudrilles and other couple dances such as the waltz in England.Back in the eighteenth century, nothing by the name of â€Å"Scottish† dancing exisred. Books which held information about Scottish dancing, but they only covered topics about dances that were could be choreographed to a Scottish tune and that was what was called a Scottish dancprevious Scottish social dances such as the Highland reel. Here it is necessary to note that country dances that had the rell-style formations had been very popular by the end of the eighteenth century. In the beginning of the twentieth century, Scottish country dance played a major role in the social entertainment, in the rural parts of Scotland in particular, though, considering the fact that the number of dances that were taught to students had gone down a considerable amount and only a few were taught. Here, it is necessary to note that country dance faced a lot of danger because of this condition. In the year 1923, a â€Å"society† which came to be known as the Scottish Country Dance Society (SCDS) came into being in Glasgow so as to serve the purpose of preserving country dances the way that they were danced in Scotland.The SCDS started to collect and print the dances that were previously shunned aside and the society also began reinterpreting the dances from older sources that were no longer being paid any attention to. While carrying out this task, the society made a mistake by standardizing the dances, which somehow differ from each other because of the place where it was collected in Scotland and this was done so in order to preseve it. This as mentioned was a mistake, but somehow it played an effective role in setting the grounds for universal compatibility between dancers belonging to different countries across the world. The steps taken by SCDS brought about much fame to it and it influenced the way dances were taught at school and because of the society it was made necessary to taught at least a minimum of Scottish country dance while they are at school. This scoeity, after achieving Royal patronage in the year 1947, came to be known as the Royal Scottish Country Dance Soceity or RSCDS.After the SCDS came into being, a number of people started coming up with dances of their own, which had hints of the previous dances in them with a blend of new steps. After so many years now, there are nearly eleven thousand dances, out of which ten thousand are modern dances. People can come up with their own dances in whatever way they want. Here it is necessary to note that even though the history of Scottish country dance goes back nearly three centuries, it is still a present concern. Contemporar y Scottish country dance has come around since the beginning of the 1700s and it has not at all been modernised, and some even say that with this invention of new dances and concepts, which appear all the time, the traditional dances somehow find their way into the new ones and, â€Å"the ongoing evolution has also given Scottish country dancing a lot of life and people feel much less guilt or hesitation about altering a dance for the purposes of demonstrations, and also borrowing ideas for their own dances.† (Clowes and Donald 82) In the current times, Scottish country dance is not limited to Scotland only, but has found its way in nearly all the parts of the world including Britain, Europe, Canada, United States of America, Australia, New Zealand etc. The dance is at times even found in countries like Russia, Russia, South Africa, Argentina, Hong Kong and so on and it can easily be said that Scottish country dance does not face any danger what so ever of being extinct now.P urposeThe people of Scotland, because of their inherent love of music and joviality, have always enjoyed and have also loved to dance. Country Dance was in all probability first danced in Scotland right in the beginning of the eighteenth century. Using individual characteristics from Scotlands conventional Highland music and dance, Scottish country dance developed into Scotlands own in the course of an evolutionary progression that covered nearly three hundred years. If truth be told, a person can go through the tapestry of Scottish history and tradition by means of her country dances and the music and proceedings that have enthused them.All forms of Scottish country dance are performed for purely social basis. (Flett and Flett 29) As it is said that while have social traditions, the Scottish country dance which has its roots going back to several centuries. Performers or the participants of the dance are arranged into groups of three, four or max five and that too in two lines with the men facing the women or in a square and both of these lines work with each other so as to perform a number of steps and formations. The formations are performed in such a way that eventually, the performers would return to their original places. A vast number of groups perform the dances for competition at times. Even though some of the most basic steps of Scottish country dancing are easy to pick up, but the technique is now sharpened to such a level that is has now turned into a very athletic, ballet type of dance even though a number of dancers do not perceive it as such.A vast number of Scottish country dances are what is called â€Å"progressive†, which means that every single couple is given the chance to perform as the top couple or the active couple with the most attention. This is done so in a way in which after the first repitition of the steps the couples move in a way by which they end up in a completely different place in their set. The number of repititions , in order to carry out the mentioned â€Å"progressive† step are adjusted to fit to the number of dancers in the group. The figures and setup of modern Scottish country dances, have although been taken from a history of nearly three hundred years, which makes it extremely difficult to generalize it because of the fact that a number of dance include ideas out the traditional thinking such as the change of the partner at every new turn of the dance, â€Å"the palindromic structure (the sequence of figures is similar seen from the end to the beginning as it is seen from the beginning to the end), fugues (the sequence of figures for each couple is intricately intertwined to resemble the structure of a musical fugue) and others† (McConachie   42). The constant traidition of dance styles being played with is extraordinary, even though the results at times are not what a person expects them to be.ClassificationThe Scottish country dancing can be classified as a social danc e, as has been mentioned previously. It is said that, â€Å"SCD is social dancing. Hence interaction with ones partner and the other dancers, such as smiling and giving hands, is an essential part of SCD, and for those who want to there are usually lots of opportunity for relaxed flirting†(Brinson 108). Scottish country dances are a combined effort of the entire team and attempts made so as to glorify ones self by using beautification and adornments are usually looked down upon by the people. They believe that extra people are perfectly well, but only when the time and the plaace are right and extras should stay aside when less experienced dancers are performing so as to avoid confusion on their part.   The dance are extremely social and provide people with a chance to dance with a variety of people through out the night. It is customary to keep on changing partners, and partners are changed on every new dance, which is an example of just how social these dances are. This h elps the people in making new friends, getting to know more people and that too in a very friendly environment. All the partners, even if they are strangers to each other must maintain eye contact and a smile. On average, a set consists of nearly six to ten people, which shows that a person dances with at least five different people in a single night. (Clowes and Donald 104)Miscellaneous InformationIn current times, the term Scottish country dance clinches the societal, characteristically progressive, dances of Scotland that have developed from many customs and are danced all the way through the world with much satisfaction by people of Scotland and even those who do not belong to Scotland. For their costumes, while dancing, women wear white dresses along with a tartan scarf that is pinned on to their left shoulder. Men dress in a white shirt along with a tie, kilt, sporan, buckle and long socks. The socks usually have a colored mark showing which is attached to the enclosed garter. The sporan is big and is ornamented with a purse lynching from the strap over the navel.   The kilt is usually made of tartan cloth, which is soft in front and comprehensively pleated at the back. The men have to pin their kilts on the right hand side. If a lady wishes to wear a kilt, she has to pin it on the left hand. This handedness is taken into consideration because of the reverse buttoning of shirts and coats by the women and the men belonging to the Western culture. (Hood 124)Special laced dancing pumps are worn by both men and women. The usage of these is a controversial topic of history. When one takes up history, we find that around the year 1914, men used to wear obvious leather dancing shoes, and the women used to put on slippers that had an ankle strap that too with a one inch. History shows that the light pumps that are worn today for dancing were started to be used in the nineteenth century and that too by exhibition Highland Dancers. Anyone and everyone who wishes to dance can join in and enjoy the festivities. The people who have past experience in dancing are the one who are expected o dance no matter what the occasion is, but the less-experienced dancers are also encouraged to attempt and no discrimination is made against those who cannot perform the steps perfectly. (Emmerson 48) Make up and other body-ornaments are not considered as very important and are never used by people as they only concentrate on the dresses. But, now-a-days it is necessary to note, that this concentration on the dresses while dancing is fading away. Most of the men and women, who dance today, usually just wear semi-formal dresses and can be seen dancing in a suit while the women wear a dress, which is pretty much unlike the kilts and plaid dresses.ConclusionIn the light of the above discussion we can hereby culminate that Scottish country dancing is a contemporary form of the previous country dancing that was well-liked in England and it came to Scotland in the eighteenth century. The dance is such that it is comprised of various groups of people (nearly six to ten), usually of opposite and this is what is referred to as a set. The set dances to different tunes and strains of reels, jigs and strathspey, which are played on the fiddle, accordion, flute, keyboard, drums, etc. They have certain costumes that are to be worn by the men and women while dancing. Much attention in the Scottish country dance is paid to the footwork. Some people are very critical and strict about perfect footwork, but some have started ignoring the footwork and people who do not have much experience of the dance are not discriminated against anymore. The dance is a social activity which enables the people to get to know more and more people. Everyone can dance and the less-experienced dancers are usually encouraged to perform so as to hone their skills. One does not remain with a single partner while dancing, as the people are encouraged to change their partners wit h every new step, which enhances the social feature of the dance. The Scottish Country Dance Society, known as SCDS came into being so as to preserve Scottish country dancing when it was near to being extinct as many modern forms of dances were taking over and most the Scottish dances were fading away.;